In each ICCP study, country experts were asked to identify all issues potentially relevant for party competition in the specific country and election. In all studies, these pre-election selections successfully captured virtually all issues that would be later mentioned by political parties during the campaign.
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In each ICCP study, respondents were asked their positions on different issues. By aggregating respondent positions within each party, it is possible to identify the average position of the party constituency for each party. This represent a fundamental resource (and constraint) for the policy positions and strategies of the party; as well as a tool for assessing constituency compatibility and similarity between different parties.
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In each ICCP study, respondents were asked to report whether different issue goals had high, average, or low priority. As a result, aggregate figures reveal which issue goals were considered top priority in each campaign. Also, for positional issues it is possible to observe that, very often, one of the two rival goals was deemed much higher priority than the rival.
See party constituencies for different countries:
nl 2017 |
fr 2017 |
uk 2017 |
de 2017 |
at 2017 |
it 2018 |
us 2020
| de 2021
Issue goals are the building blocks for party competition strategy. According to issue yield theory, issue goals that combine within-party unity and wide support outside the party offer a high electoral yield
See issue yield configurations for different countries:
nl 2017 |
fr 2017 |
uk 2017 |
de 2017 |
at 2017 |
it 2018 |
us 2020