social democratic parties

  • Squeezing Blood from a Turnip? The Resilience of Social Democratic Governmental Power in Western Europe (1871–2022)

  • «Fence-Building» or «Preservation»: The Paths to Social Democratic Nationalist Position-Taking in Western Europe (2008-2018)

  • Can the class cleavage still explain support for left-wing parties?

  • Lost in Translation? Class Cleavage Roots and Left Electoral Mobilization in Western Europe